Section 504 Accommodations for Students With ADHD

Section 504 Accommodations for Students With ADHD ADHD School Print Section 504 Accommodations for Students With ADHD What Is a 504 Accommodation Plan? By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 16, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Jetta Productions/Getty Images Students with ADHD are eligible for services and an individual accommodation plan under Section 504 if they have significant difficulty learning in school due to ADHD impairments. Once it is determined that a student is eligible for services, the next step is to develop a 504 Plan which often includes a written list of specific accommodations, supplementary aids, and related services that will be provided to the student in school. The purpose of these accommodations is to ensure that the individual educational needs of the student with disabilities are met as adequately as the needs of those students without disabilities. Section 504 and IDEA for Students With ADHD Disabilities There are actually two federal laws that address the educational needs of students with disabilities â€"  Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973?? (or simply Section 504) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?? (also known as IDEA). Section 504 and IDEA guarantee that students with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) that is comparable to the education available to non-disabled students. The definition of a disability is much broader under Section 504 than under IDEA, so more students tend to be eligible for services under Section 504. Most students with a 504 Plan are served in the general education classroom. Often these are the students who have milder impairments and do not need the intensity of special education  but could benefit from extra supports, accommodations, academic and behavioral adjustments and modifications in the regular educational curriculum. A 504 Plan also tends to be a much faster, easier procedure for obtaining accommodations and supports since IDEA has stricter eligibility criteria and regulations.?? Both laws require the placement of a child with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. IDEA requires an individualized educational plan (IEP) with educational goals for the student and specifically designed special education, instruction, and related services that the school is responsible for providing in order to help the student reach those goals. Section 504 does not require a written IEP, but it does require a plan of reasonable services and accommodations  for the student with disabilities. Developing a 504 Accommodation Plan for ADHD The first step in developing a 504 Plan is to identify how the students disability is affecting learning and impairing academic performance and then to determine the specific instruction supports and accommodations that are necessary. These accommodations should significantly reduce or eliminate the effects of a students disability in the educational setting. Symptoms of ADHD can affect each person in quite varying ways, and so a 504 Plan must be tailored to her individual strengths, learning style, behavioral challenges, and educational needs.  Chris Zeigler Dendy, M.S., is a highly regarded expert in the ADHD and education field. She is also the  author of Teaching Teens With ADD, ADHD, and Executive Function Deficits. In addition to inattention, Dendy identifies several areas that can be challenging for students with ADHD in the educational setting including: Deficits in working memory: memory skills that are essential for writing essays, doing complex math problems, and understanding what they readDifficulty getting started and finishing tasksAn impaired sense of time: often late, dont manage time wellDifficulty controlling emotions: more likely to speak impulsively or blow upDifficulty using self-talk to control behaviorDifficulty analyzing, problem-solving, synthesizing  and implementing a planSlow reading and writing: produce less written work, read less materialDisorganization: losing things, disorganized notebooks, backpacks, and lockersForgetfulnessUndiagnosed coexisting conditions like learning disabilities or depression that make it more difficult to learn?? If your child is experiencing any of these learning challenges, it is important that they are addressed in their 504 Plan. Also, keep in mind that approximately 25 to 50% of students with ADHD may also have a specific learning disability. Common learning disabilities seen alongside ADHD include disabilities in reading, math, spelling, and written expression. Accommodations Available to Qualified Students With ADHD These accommodations are often helpful for students with ADHD. Your childs 504 Plan might include some of these.?? Depending on a students individual needs  related services  may include speech,  occupational therapy,  physical therapy, assistive technology, counseling, as well as training in study strategies,  organizational skills, and time management. Preferential seating (away from distractionsâ€"away from the door, window, pencil sharpener or distracting students, near the teacher, a quiet place to complete schoolwork or tests, seating student by a good role model/classroom buddy)Extended time for testing (especially helpful for students who tend to retrieve and process information at a slower speed and so take longer with testing)Modification of test format and delivery (oral exams, use of a calculator, chunking or breaking down tests into smaller sections to complete, providing breaks between sections, quiet place to complete tests,  multiple-choice  or fill in the blank test format instead of the essay)Modifications in classroom and homework assignments (shortened assignments to compensate for amount of time it takes to complete, extended time to complete assignments, reduced amount of written work, breaking down assignments and long-term projects into segments with separate due dates for completion of each segment, allowing student to dictate or tape-record responses, allowing student to use computer for written work, oral reports or hands-on projects to demonstrate learning of material)Assistance with note-taking (providing THE student with a copy of class notes, peer assistance with note-taking, audio taping of lectures)Modification of teaching methods (multisensory instruction, visual cues, and hands- onities, highlight or underline important parts of a task, cue student in on key points of lesson, providing guided lecture notes, outlines and study guides, reduce demands on memory, teach memory skills such as mnemonics, visualization, oral rehearsal, and repetitive practice, use books on tape, assistance with organization, prioritization, and  problem-solving)Providing clear and simple directions for homework and class assignments (repeating directions, posting homework assignments on board, supplementing verbal instructions with visual/written instructions)Appointing row captains or homework buddie s who remind students to write down assignments and who collect work to turn in to the teacherOne-on-one tutoringAdjusting class schedule (schedule those classes that require most mental focus at the beginning of school day, schedule in regular breaks for the student throughout the day to allow for physical movement and brain rest, adjustments to nonacademic time)Adjustments to grading (modifying weight given to exams, breaking test down into segments and grading segments separately, partial credit for late homework with full credit for make-up work)Organizational assistance (including teacher/school representative meeting with the student at the end of each class or end day to check that homework assignments are written completely in homework notebook and needed books are in the backpack, providing organizational folders and planners, color coding)Extra set of books for the student to keep at homeHighlighted textbooks and workbooksUse of positive behavior management strategies  (in cluding frequent monitoring, feedback, prompts, redirection and reinforcement)Setting up a system of communication (such as a notebook for a weekly progress report, regular emails or phone calls) between parent and teacher/school representative in order to keep each other informed about the students progress or difficulties. Notify parent of homework and project assignments and due dates

Difference Between A Successful And Unsuccessful Agency

Criminal Justice administrators know the difference between a successful and unsuccessful agency is an effective management system. Agency staff must provide and complex offender records as well as update information to multiple sources. Therefore, the system must encourage the staff to utilize the system, must provide an easy to use interface, in addition to easy access, so that the agency staff can enter data in a timely manner. Also, agency managers need to trust the data that the system generates. The user interface must reflect how the cases move through the agency correctly. In a nutshell, information systems in criminal justice agencies need to look very simple, yet performance very high-tech. Information systems in community correction agencies are particularly complicated and place difficult demands on system designers. Offenders frequently change residences, and employers, in addition hardly stay in contact with family members and friends. As correctional agencies move into a new era in community supervision, a new information system was introduced. The new information system was designed to enable electronic cases management, rather than entering time consumer data entry. The Supervision Management and Automated Record Tracking (SMART) system merges case management functions with emphasis on performance in the agencies. A new hand held type of the new SMART system will allow officers in the field to enter real time data and also have access to case records on theShow MoreRelatedThe Goal Of Corporations By Francis Cabot Lowell1140 Words   |  5 Pages The goal of corporations has constantly been changing, as to be expected the goal of any corporation is to be successful and profitable. In 1814, Francis Cabot Lowell sold stock to fund his business and a public company was formed. 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Essay Financial Abuse of the Elderly - 1225 Words

Elder Abuse is defined as any activity performed by an individual whereby these actions cause suffering of the older adult, intentionally or not (Touhy, Jett, Boscart McCleary, 2012, p. 378). Unfortunately, the incidents of elder abuse continue to rise with the increasing number of people entering older adulthood. It is interesting to note that although elder abuse is highly under reported its occurrence increased three fold over a ten-year period (Friese Collopy, 2010, p. 61). Certainly, it is a nurse’s duty to provide holistic care to his or her patients, which must include protection from abuse. Elder abuse can take on many forms including physical, emotional, sexual, neglect and financial. It is important to note that for the†¦show more content†¦There is no doubt that many elderly individuals will eventually need assistance with managing their finances, which includes making purchases on their behalf. Thus the older adult may provide their caregiver with cash, cheques and in some cases they may implement a power of attorney. Essentially, powers of attorney grant considerable power to named individuals, over both finances and property. Unfortunately, over time what evolves is an over spending of the older adults money solely benefiting the caregiver, moreover, these caregivers begin to develop a sense of entitlement (Gibson Honn Qualls, 2012, p. 27). When considering financial abuse committed by strangers, many simple scams against older adults have surfaced over the years. For example, individuals may offer handyman services, recognizing that many older adults struggle with chores such as exterior window washing. However once paid, the individuals do not return to complete the job. It is interesting to note that of all reported elder abuse cases, financial abuse makes up more than half of all complaints (Friese Collopy, 2010, p. 60). 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Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control Free Essays

For the past fourteen years, teen births in the United States has enjoyed a low rating. However, in 2007, this low birth rate was disrupted as there is a sudden surge in the number of teenagers getting pregnant. Based on the record of the National Center for Health Statistics, there is a three percent increase among 15 to 19 year-old girls from 2005 to 2006 after a thirty-four percent decrease between the years 1991 to 2005 (Riley, n. We will write a custom essay sample on Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now pag. ). According to government officials and physicians concerned with teen health, there is a need for a better sex education among teens for them to be able to fully understand the consequences of having sex and the responsibilities that go along with it. There is also a need to advocate for abstinence or the â€Å"shunning away† from any sexual act to decrease the number of teens who are getting preganant. It has been observed that sex education among teens focuses only on the use of contraceptives and does not promote abstinence, which according to physicians, is the best solution to the problem on teen pregnancies. According to Hirsch (n. pag. ), abstinence is the safest way of not getting pregnant as this will prevent the egg and sperm cells from meeting and connecting with each other. Without the connection of the egg and sperm cells, pregnancy will be impossible. Aside from this, there are also other advantages of abstinence. Among these are the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, infertility and the development of cancer of the cervix. It has been medically found out that women who engage in sex during their younger years have higher risk of developing cancer as compared to those who don’t. Abstinence is the practice or commitment of two single persons not to engage in pre-marital sex. Unlike most birth control methods that rely on pills and equipment to take effect, abstinence requires self-control and a strong commitment to inhibit from any sexual act. Many medical practitioners and parents advocate abstinence among the teens because it is the most ideal method where they can be sure that teen pregnancy can be eliminated or, if not, reduced. It is healthy and safe as compared to other birth control methods which rely on medications and equipments. Aside from this, it is also the only birth control method that is advocated by the Catholic faith and other religious beliefs. However, this method seem to be very difficult to follow especially for teenagers who are at their aggressive stage and are in the mood for experimentation and experience. It is very difficult for them to control their emotions especially if they are not deeply grounded morally and have not fully understood the pros and cons of sex and abstinence, thus, making the promising effect of this method useless. There are actually other forms of birth control methods aside from abstinence that could help reduce teen pregnancies and these include the following: information based methods, barrier methods, hormonal methods and longterm methods. The information based birth control are methods that are underpinned on facts such as the occurrence of pregnancy and how the female and male reporductive organs work. They include lactation amenorrhea method, withdrawal and natural family planning. Barrier methods,on the other hand, prevent the egg and sperm cells from meeting and some can also be used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. There are male and female condoms, diaphragms, cervical and female caps, lea’s shield and spermicides. The hormonal method includes birth control pill, shot, patch and ring and emergency contraceptive pills. They work in varying ways, but essentially their two main functions are to keep the eggs from leaving the ovary and change the mucus created in the cervix to kill the sperm and prevent it from travelling to the egg. The long term methods which are the sterilization methods, intra-uterine devices and implants function for several years, some even permanently. These methods work well in preventing pregnancy but unlike other methods, it does not provide protection against HIV or STD (Teen source, n. pag. ). However, based on article reviewed by Dr. Hirsch, not all birth control methods are effective and can outrightly prevent the occurrence of pregnancy; some are even more risky for teens. A risky method is the fertility awareness or the rhythm method. This may be more risky for teens because their body might have not yet adjusted to the normal menstrual cycle. According to the article, in choosing the best birth control method, the following must be kept in mind: the ease of using it, the cost of the birth control material and the health condition of the person using it. It would be wise to educate the teens of these methods to know which are more effective in their system. The greater the information that teens receive, the more likely will they be able to respond positively to situations that come their way. Promoting birth control methods does not mean advocating sex among teens. This is just a precautionary method just in case they find abstinence difficult. It is better for them to utilize these methods and be aware of its effects rather remain ignorant of the procedures. To reiterate, teenagers are very aggressive and they are always out to try something new, and sex is definitely one of the experiences they want to go through. Its better for them to be forewarned so that early pregnancy can be eliminated or at least trimmed down, rather than attempt to shield them from these methods and suffer the grim consequence of children bearing their own children. Sex education in the United States should be well explained to teenagers. They shoulod be educated on pros and cons of engaging in a sexual act. They should also lecture on abstinence and birth control methods and have a balanced presentation so that the teens can weigh which is more effective to their body system, practices and beliefs. It is better to have a choice than merely impose something which is not palatable to ideals. Parents should not only foster abstinence because if teens lose their virginity and they are only educated on abstinence, there is a greater possibility that they will engage in unprotected sex because they are not fully aware of the other contraceptive methods that they can use. Works Cited â€Å"Abstinence. † 19 March 2008. Cool Nurse. com. 30 April 2008 http://www. coolnurse. com/abstinence. htm â€Å"Birth Control. † n. d. Teen Source. 30 April 2008. http://www. teensource. org/pages/3001/Birth_Control. htm Hirsch, Larissa. , MD. â€Å"About Birth Control: What you need to know. † 2007 February. Kids Health. 30 April 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:SR1hkQRJ4yYJ:www. kidshealth. org/teen/sexual_health/ contraception/contraception. html+teen+birthcontrolhl=tlct=clnkcd= 1gl=phclient=firefox-a Hirsch, Larissa. , MD. â€Å"Birth Control Methods: How well do they work?. †2007 March. Kids Health. 30 April 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:Co_99Q_tt9UJ:www. kidshealth. com/teen/sexual_health/ contraception/bc_chart. html+teen+birthcontrol hl=tlct=clnkcd=5gl=phclient=firefox-a Riley, Jennifer. â€Å"US Teen Birth Rate Rises, Ends 14-year Streak. † 06 December 2007. Christian Post. 30 April 2008. http://209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cache:I6XbWMSDSxwJ:www. christianpost. com/article/20071206/30366_ U. S. _Teen_Birth_Rate_Rises,_Ends_14-Year_Streak. htm+abstinence+vs. +teen+birth +controlhl=tlct=clnkcd=9gl=phclient=firefox-a How to cite Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control, Papers

Pmo Presentation free essay sample

Dzingwa Madzima June 2010 1 Overview †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The What and Why of PMO’s Starting a PMO Types of PMO’s PMO Roles and Responsibilities Executive Buy-In PMO Best Practices Telecel Zimbabwe PMO 2 The What and Why of PMO’s 3 Enhancing Your Bottom Line By Investing In Better Project Management Increasing Throughput Rate Strengthening the weakest link Achieving higher customer satisfaction Identifying the bottlenecks Reducing the program delivery interval Becoming the service provider of choice 4 What Is a PMO Exactly? 9% of respondents said PMO means project management office; 12% said it means program management office. Study by Brian Hobbs PMP and Monique Aubry â€Å"An organizational unit to centralize and coordinate the management of projects under its domain. A PMO oversees the management of projects, programs or a combination of both. † A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® guide), Thi rd Edition  © 2004, p. 17 In each organization, the definition of a PMO may vary in name and by function, but it essentially centralizes, coordinates and oversees the management of projects and programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Pmo Presentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Article by Bud Baker, Ph. D. PMI Network, June 2007 5 The Project Management Office (PMO) A PMO is a centralized organization dedicated to improving the practice and results of project management. †¢ †¢ Some PMO initiatives are minimal, involving part-time staff. †¢ Other initiatives involve huge infrastructure, with rigid centralized planning, control and methodology. †¢ An organizational entity created to assist project managers in achieving project goals. †¢ A PMO is a group of people with a mission to support project managers in the successful launch, implementation, and completion of projects. Provides an opportunity for project managers to develop professionally more quickly than most could ever hope, if they were working isolated from one another. 6 PMO Responsibilities 7 What Benefits Does a PMO Offer? The most important service of a PMO is to provide qualified project managers to an organization†¦ †¢ PMO’s are/can†¦ ? Making ava ilable qualified †¢ If a PMO is not used†¦ project managers ? Provide support personnel to assist project managers ? Allow project managers to pool their skills and knowledge ? Help project managers to develop professionally ? Recommended for organizations with many project managers ? Provide consulting-type services and products to its constituency y With several projects under way, project managers are probably not learning from one another y PM’s are probably not sharing best practices y PM’s are not challenged to continuously improve their skills y Project managers can be overtly influenced by line managers y Project managers scattered across an organization with no common bond are significantly handicapped 8 Starting a PMO 9 Key Considerations †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ PMO charter Culture change Implementation strategy Staffing Metrics/Performance Success factors Maturity of Project Management Practices PMO Charter †¢ Charter Scope – Business Needs – Sponsor – PM Maturity †¢ Charter Document – – – – – – Mission/Vision Goals/Objectives Sponsor Service Offering PMO Governance Key Performance Metr ics PMO Culture Change †¢ Natural resistance to change †¢ Political landscape †¢ Degree of cultural change – – – – – – – – PM maturity PMO charter Existing skill level Key driver implementation strategy Assess impact of change Inform Educate Involve – Winners/Losers – Management Support Change Management PMO Implementation Strategies †¢ Strategy drivers – PMO charter – PM maturity – Sponsor and management support – PMO drivers – Perception of value – Political environment – Culture/Value System Evolutionary/Incremental – Lower implementation risks – Lower start up costs – Will take longer to demonstrate ROI – More suitable if high resistance to change and low management support Revolutionary/Wholesale – Higher implementation risks – Higher startup costs – May be able to demonstrate ROI quicker â⠂¬â€œ More suitable if crisis or recognition at high level that change is imperative †¢ Success Factors †¢ Clear Charter – Creates clear expectations – Defines boundaries for implementation †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Top-Down Support Bottoms up Buy-in Sponsor Reporting to senior executive Strong LOB representation Communication/PR – Promotion of services – Education of value – Performance metrics that demonstrate business and customer value Starting a PMO FACTS O Executives must deliver in two key areas — ongoing operational results and improvement efforts. O Functional managers are continuously evaluated by senior anagement, peers, and subordinates for their ability to make things happen quickly. O Many projects involve multiple departments and functional areas. O Each organizational unit has its own language, its own standards, its own project management techniques or lack thereof. O No wonder so many central projec t management coordination units have sprung up in the last few years. 15 Starting a PMO PMO Requirements: u PMO value must be measurable to become sustainable. u If you cannot measure, you cannot control and if you cannot control, you cannot manage. The PMO must be aligned with the interests and goals of the organization to sustain itself. †¢ A PMO has responsibility for educating the organization it serves about its benefits it brings to projects †¢ A PMO must create and track metrics to show the results of its contributions †¢ A PMO should survey its customers routinely to verify it is adding value †¢ The PMO should focus on portfolio management of: uProject investments uResources uAssets uStrategic objectives 16 Types of PMO’s 17 Current PMO and Advanced Models Traditional PMO Focus mostly on tactical issues Science of project management Views organization as a complex machine Emphasis on monitoring and control Provides tools similar to a precise map to follow Internal process focused Process driven Standard (heavy) methods and practices Based on rules; follow rules Defined, repeatable, managed and optimized practices Focus on efficiency Process leadership Heavy management and governance Next Generation PMO Focus on strategic and cultural issues Art and craft of project management Views organization as a complex ecology Emphasis on collaboration Provides tools similar to a compass that show the direction Focus on end products, customers and outcomes Business driven Adaptable and flexible (agile) methods and practices Based on guiding principles; follow rules and improvise if needed Adaptive and innovative practices Focus on effectiveness and innovation Thought leadership Balanced management, governance and leadership Table courtesy of J. Du ggal, Projectize Group, http://www. projectize. com. 18 What Does a PMO Look Like? u Typical starting point for a PMO can be three project managers, a team leader, and five team members (also called PMO support personnel). Reporting View of a Small Project Management Office u PMO Project Starter Services†¦ †¢ Provide well-trained and competent project managers to run key projects. †¢ Provide project management consulting. †¢ Review contract proposals from vendors. †¢ Sponsor project management education. †¢ Develop, document, and maintain project management best practices. †¢ Conduct project culture training. †¢ Perform project reviews. †¢ Perform post-project reviews. †¢ Ensure that new projects apply lessons learned. 9 PMO Models Early on in PMO history, the Gartner Group identified three PMO models as flourishing: †¢ Project Repository Model† †¢ Project Coach Model †¢ Enterprise PMO Model There is a fourth model, called the Deliver Value Now Model, that should not b e ignored. 20 PROJECT REPOSITORY MODEL PROJECT REPOSITORY MODEL PMO serves as a source of information on project methodology and standards. l Assumes the enterprise has embraced a cohesive set of tools for project design, management, and reporting. l Occurs most often in organizations that empower distributed, businesscentric project ownership or with weak central-governance. l l BENEFITS Data gap identification l Incremental risk management control as projects initiate and mature in the development cycle l Bottleneck identification for all projects l Raising the bar for delivery goodness 21 PROJECT COACHING MODEL PROJECT COACHING MODEL Assumes a willingness to share some project management practices across functions and uses the PMO to coordinate the communication. l Best practices are documented and shared and project performance is monitored actively. l Results are used to raise enterprise performance and train inefficient or new project managers. l l BENEFITS Acts as trainer l Consultant or mentor l Source of information on project processes l Often helps in project setup and postproject reviews 22 ENTERPRISE PMO MODEL ENTERPRISE PMO MODEL The most permanent, consolidated, organizational model and concentrates project management within the PMO. l The mission of the EPMO implies direct management or oversight of projects. l All project managers are staffed within the shared service and consigned to projects as needed. l The EPMO acts as a contracted project manager, assessing scope, allocating resources and verifying time, budget, risk, and impact assumptions. l l BENEFITS Many firms have since learned that a consultative approach aimed at increasing project throughput and reducing project durations requires teamwork between the EPMO and the project teams. l The idea of a PMO owning the project managers has some significant potential negative effects. The project management expertise and standards may not filter through to functional areas. l When significant portions of the projects are part of one functional area, that functional area may not feel as committed. 23 DELIVER VALUE NOW MODEL DELIVER VALUE NOW MODEL Puts o rganization goals first. l Improvements in PM methodology are viewed as a means to an end, and not the end in itself. l A holistic approach, embracing methods, skills and strategy that views project management as one piece of a bigger puzzle. l Enables consistent motivation for the entire organization to seek out accelerated project deliveries. l A stronger, more balanced project portfolio and better project performance. l l BENEFITS A strong, well-balanced project portfolio that identifies up-to-date project workload, sponsorship, tactical progress, health status and current data gaps. l A monthly plan and forecast that identifies portfolio opportunities and threats, top issues and risks, projects over/under budget summary. l A project prioritization model for all portfolio projects based on ability to form a Governance Board to direct model creation. l Governance Board setup and/or modification enables the force-ranking of the portfolio of projects. l Project management training, coaching, and mentoring based on need. 24 DETERMINING THE PMO MODEL FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION Questions you should ask†¦ 1. Who will initially be the main customers of the PMO? 2. What is the maturity level of the project management community? 3. How well does the Executive Team work together for the good of the enterprise? 4. Where is the greatest pain? 5. Will the PMO be able to deal with the intensity of missed delivery expectations from the executives and all of its implications? 6. Will the PMO be able to rescue troubled projects critical to the business? What if it cannot? 7. Will the PMO be funded sufficiently and supported by the executives to meet the value opportunities and threats? 25 PMO Roles and Responsibilities 26 PMO Roles and Responsibilities PMO EXECUTIVE PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGER PROJECT MANAGEMENT MENTOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOL MENTOR RESOURCE PORTFOLIO MANAGER HELP DESK SPECIALISTS METHODOLOGY SPECIALIST DATA ADMINISTRATOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRAINER 27 PMO Services Overview †¢ As a PMO begins to define its objectives, it needs to consider what services it will provide to meet those objectives. †¢ It must also assess when in its implementation schedule it will provide these services. †¢ The services that are required dictate the various roles and responsibilities. †¢ Each service provided will require some level of staff support. 28 Most large-scale transformation programs do not succeed, mainly driven by inadequate governance and poor planning Large Programs Success Rates Why Projects / Programs Fail Others Technical Problems Successful 16% 11% 4% 4% 36% Problems with Suppliers Insufficient Project Personnel Resources Poor Organization and Project Management Practices 10% 53% 31% 15% 20% Cancelled Under Perform Ineffective Project Planning Poorly Defined or Missing Project Objectives Source: Standish Group International, Survey from 2500 personnel attending project management training A Program Management Office (PMO) can effectively help address these challenges†¦ PMO Challenges Benefits Benefits of PMO 4 Identifies gaps in realization of strategic objectives 4 Escalates current risks and identifies potential risks earlier 4 Ensures proper communications to relevant stakeholders 4 Improves monitoring and ontrol of projects 4 Mediates issue resolution 4 Increases efficiency in tracking progress of projects 4 Integrates project plans for all projects – Standardizes progress reporting Examples of Challenges 4 Project mission and tasks are poorly defined 4 Lack of a clear process for escalating risks to senior management 4 Insufficient reporting to support top-management decisions 4 Ineffective enforcement of project controls and policies 4 Conflict between line, project managers 4 Projects do not meet deadlines / milestones 4 Lack of standardized reports and reporting frameworks for all projects Fragmented project plans †¦and can accelerate progress, increase value, and reduce risk of failure Value of an Effective Efficient PMO Value ($) Efficient Program Management Office Value 2: Delivers Incremental Value Traditional Program Management Implementation Planning Set-up Validation Detailing, Planning Assessment Concept Development Time Value 3: Reduces Risk of Failure Value 1: Accelerates Progress A PMO would be initiated through five key steps leading to the first PMO session and the kick-off of Implementation PMO Set-up Process 1 Nominate and Confirm PMO Team 1. Nominate and confirm PMO team: 4 Identify, nominate and obtain approval for the PMO leadership from senior management 2. Setup PMO: 4 Determine relevant stakeholders, and/or external participants and structure PMO appropriately 4 Communicate key interested parties’ required involvement and PMO expectations 4 Engage all relevant key interested parties to get buy-in on program objectives and approach 3. Prepare tools, processes and templates: 4 Prepare all required tools, processes and templates 4 Distribute templates and reports for PMO meetings 4 Prepare project reporting, issue management, change management, and planning and communication management processes 4. Develop PMO master plan: 4 Obtain detailed required changes documents 4 Conduct interviews, meetings, and workshops with key interested parties regarding telework initiatives 4 Prioritize telework initiatives and conduct high-level review of any dependencies, overlaps, and issues 4 Consolidate tentative telework initiative project plans into a consolidated master plan 5. Conduct first PMO session: 4 Confirm logistics and communicate timing and agenda of first PMO session 4 Discuss issues, dependencies, project plan recommendations, role of PMO going forward 4 Distribute program-related process information 2 Set-up PMO 3 Prepare Tools, Processes Templates 4 Develop PMO Master Plan 5 Conduct First PMO Session During the PMO lifecycle, nine functions will help ensure success of the various implementation and transformation initiatives Continuous Program Management Functions 1. Progress Tracking and Reporting: Track milestones and deliverables for each project: – Reject project plans if they do not conform with PMO standards and required level of details – Identify and coordinate program critical path changes throughout projects 2. Communication Management: Communicate relevant messages to all key interested parties 3. Resource Management: Identify potential resource bottlenecks, unique requirements, contingencies and plan accordingly 4. Issue Management: Establish and maintain standards for issue categorization and resolution according to issue severity and facilitate resolution 5. Risk Management: Pro-actively identify and quantify potential risks (e. g. , financial, resource, technical) Establish and maintain quality assurance standards, procedures and schedule compliance / assurance reviews 6. Quality Assurance: Provide criteria in selecting contractors during the RFP process 7. Change Management: Establish and maintain a standard process for receiving, testing and approving changes to program scope 8. Business Alignment: Assess the fit and identify gaps between business needs and processes with the proposed solution 9. Technology Alignment: Assess the fit of proposed technologies with current or planned environment / infrastructure Change Management 7 Business Alignment Technology Alignment 9 8 Quality Assurance 6 Risk Management 5 LTO Program Management 2 4 3 1 Progress Tracking Reporting Communication Management Issue Management Resource Management Continuous Cycle of Direction, Validation and Adjustments To Accelerate Delivery Direction Governance Review Leadership Enterprise Strategy Business Unit Strategy Governance Review Leadership Feedback Prioritization Feedback Project Managers PMO Feedback Q/A Project Status Reports, Time Sheets, Project Schedules 34 The PMO Managing the Total Portfolio Business Strategy Management Project Management Office Management Plan and Execute Validate and Adjust Project Portfolio Resource Portfolio Application Portfolio 35 Executive Buy-In 36 Executive Buy-in of The PMO Executives will embrace a PMO that dramatically increases the probability of meeting their goals. A PMO must deliver on its promise through four major processes: Choosing the right project mix — a new way of strategic planning u Linking the executive teams strategies to current and planned projects u Managing the project portfolio correctly u Measuring the PMO to tangibly improve project performance relative to the execu tives strategic goals A PMO must be able to help executives with execution of strategy, as determined by the project mix and flow, or the PMO will not achieve sufficient level of value to sustain itself. 37 Executives Embrace a PMO If†¦ †¢ CHARACTERISTICS OF A PMO THAT EXECUTIVES WILL EMBRACE: ? Executives will perceive value if the PMO helps the executives meet the goals on which they are measured ? It must drive more projects through completion, without correspondingly increasing resources ? Projects must be completed in drastically shorter times ? The impact of the PMO is clearly felt on both the top and bottom lines of the organization (even in not-for-profit organizations) ? Executives and managers throughout the organization feel that they are getting benefit out of the PMO 38 PMO Best Practices 39 Elements of An Effective PMO q The Right People q The Right Tools q The Right Data q AVOIDS: The Wrong Result The Right People †¢ Include people from the The Right Tools †¢ PMOs may purchase The Right Data †¢ To improve, project delivery must be measureable. †¢ This process is often accomplished with project status reports. †¢ The PMO must diagnose system problems to help solve them. supply side and market side of the organization. A PMO requires skills in marketing and communications. †¢ The PMO should cover multiple disciplines. Enterprise Project Management (EPM) tools †¢ With low project management maturity, sophisticated tools meet heavy resistance. †¢ PMOs without a marketing plan to gain strong buy-in on tool usage are doomed. 40 THE WRONG RESULT — WHY PMO IMPLEMENTATIONS FAIL†¦ yThe PMO did not define its value proposition. yThe PMO is not perceived as impacting project delivery abilities. yThe PMO is seen as a threat — most often too authoritative. y The PMO does not have buy-in from the senior management. yThe PMO is too low in the management reporting. y Project Management Overhead — the bad PMO acronym. The PMO is micromanaging — trying to control every project directly. 41 Some Final Thoughts on starting a PMO†¦ C C C C C C C In todays economy, more value is needed now. Establishing a PMO that brings recognized value in the first six months of its existence is critical. Recommend you go beyond the original models. As you plan the PMO implementation, seriously consider establishing visible value to senior management from the getgo. Go after the low-hanging fruit that helps everyone win and the PMO will be on its way. A void being perceived as sitting in the Ivory Tower of Project Management Excellence. Build a PMO that will Deliver Value Now. 42

The history of Dubbing in France

The history of Dubbing in France Economic issues Dominance of dubbing in the French film industry has been there for the past six decades. This translation technique requires an expert to match the actor’s dialogue with lips synchrony, a factor that has economic effect on both the small and medium distributors in the industry. Hiring such experts would be hugely expensive for these small and medium distributors like what Joinville studios experienced (Christine 2004, p. 208).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The history of Dubbing in France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Major distributors have dominated the industry because their bulk production does not incur a lot of cost when dubbing (Dana 1991, p. 607). The expense for producing a dubbed film is 10 times higher than any other translational technique; these producers can only afford this form. Preferences for dubbed films have driven many filmmakers to acclimatize to their marke t demands by embracing dubbing as opposed to subtitling (Bogucki 2004, p. 71). A tradition by French citizens to hold firmly onto dubbing has done little to embrace translational change. It is true that any abrupt change without both technological considerations as well as market survey would mean economic woes to dubbing industry just like what subtitling companies in Europe went through before the version could, became attractive to local companies (Riggio 2010, p. 31). Dubbing has in turn created a few job opportunities for the actors doing voice translation. A survey carried out by European commission (2007, p. 1) inextricably linked economic down trend with dubbing by arguing that citizens from nations like France who grew up in a culture without diversity lack English skills to land them considerable contracts because dubbing neither promote English language development nor cultural diversity (Cattrysse 2004, p. 39). Social class issues This method of translation has been in u se across France because it is a perfect way of shunning certain expressions and trademarks found in the films. This involves actors replacing vulgar words with a softer language expression that will not be offensive to the viewers. These would include advertisements on alcohol, drugs, and certain brand names like coca cola trademarks. The elites and professionals within the social group AB prefer subtitles and original versions to those in the lower social ranks who prefer dubbed films. However, it is true that one would go for the method he or she came across at an earlier stage of life, this is particularly true with French citizens. Subtitle movies have not had commanding support because most common citizens prefer dubbed version. Attitude has also played a crucial role in French movie industry in the sense that most citizens’ views dubbing as a way of preserving their culture and nationalism, as opposed to those shown in foreign languages (Danan 1991, p. 611).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literacy Studies show that international students from nations dominated with subtitles like Scandinavians and Dutch learning English have always outperformed students from countries dominated with dubbed movies, of these France and Germany students are the majority. Literacy improves in countries consuming subtitling movies, for it promotes foreign language comprehension, as opposed to dubbing (Koolstra and Beentjes 1999, p. 51). Subtitle and the original versions would not only help the viewers learn foreign languages but also help in learning proper pronunciation; this would improve learning skills of a person (Danan 2004, p. 67). Dubbing, on the other hand, has promoted the French people to embrace a culture of people who do not want to read and learn other people’s traditions and customs (Pettit 2004, p. 25; Heiss 2004, p. 208) . Reference List Bogucki, L. 2004.The constraint of relevance in subtiting. The Journal of Spedialised Translation 1 Web. Available from: jostrans.org/issue01/artuckes/boguckien.htm . Cattrysse, P. 2004. Stories Travelling Across Nations and Cultures. META, 49(1), pp. 39-51 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/2004/v49/n1/009018ar.html . Christine, H. 2004. Dubbing Multilingual Films: A New Challenge? META, 49(1), pp.208-220 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/2004/v49/n1/009035ar.html . Danan, M. 1991. Dubbing as an Expression of Nationalism. Meta: Translators Journal, 36(4), pp. 606–614 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/1991/v36/n4/002446ar.pdf . Danan, M. 2004. Captioning and subtitling: undervalued Language learning Strategies. Meta: Translators Journal, 49(1), pp. 67-77 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/2004/v49/n1/009021ar.html .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The history of Dubbing in France specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More European Commission 2007. Effects on the European Economy of Shortage of foreign Language skills in Enterprise Web. Available from: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/79format=HTMLaged=0language=ENguiLanguage=fr . Heiss, C. 2004. Dubbing Multilingual Films: A New Challenge? META, 49(1), pp.208-220 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/2004/v49/n1/009035ar.html . Koolstra, C.M. and Beentjes, W.J. 1999. Childrens vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language through watching subtitled television programs at home. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(1), pp. 51-60 Web. Available from: springerlink.com/content/7951541774721423/ . Pettit, Z. 2004. The Audio-Visual Text: Subtitling and Dubbing Different Genres. META, 49(1), pp. 25-28 Web. Available from: erudit.org/revue/meta/2004/v49/n1/009017ar.html . Riggio, F. 2010. Dubbing vs. Subtitling Web. Available from: 1stoptr.com/adm in/UpImage/Dubbing_vs_Subtitling.pdf .

Facts About the Prehistoric Xilousuchus

Facts About the Prehistoric Xilousuchus Originally classified as a proterosuchid (and thus a close relative of the contemporary Proterosuchus) a recent analysis has located Xilousuchus much closer to the root of the archosaur family tree (the archosaurs were the family of early Triassic reptiles that gave rise to dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and crocodiles). The significance of Xilousuchus is that it dates to the very beginning of the Triassic period, about 250 million years ago, and it seems to have been one of the earliest crocodilian archosaurs, a hint that these ruling lizards split off into prehistoric crocodiles and the ancestors of the first dinosaurs (and thus of the first birds) much earlier than had previously been thought. By the way, the Asian Xilousuchus was closely related to another sailed archosaur of North America, Arizonasaurus. Why did the cat-sized Xilousuchus  have a sail on its back? The most likely explanation is sexual selection; perhaps Xilousuchus males with bigger sails were more attractive to females during mating season, or perhaps the sail fooled predators into thinking that Xilousuchus was bigger than it was, thus sparing it from being eaten. Given its small size, though, its very unlikely that the sail of Xilousuchus served any temperate-regulation function; thats a more likely hypothesis for 500-pound reptiles like Dimetrodon, which needed to heat up quickly during the day and dissipate excess heat at night. Whatever the case, the lack of any sailed crocodiles in the later fossil record hints that this structure wasnt crucial for the survival of this widespread family. Fast Facts About  Xilousuchus   Name:  Xilousuchus (Greek for Xilou crocodile); pronounced ZEE-loo-SOO-kussHabitat:  Swamps of eastern AsiaHistorical Period:  Early Triassic (250 million years ago)Size and Weight:  About three feet long and 5 to 10 poundsDiet:  Small animalsDistinguishing Characteristics:  Small size; sail on back